Political Stability in New Democracies Presidentialism or...

Question For new democracies in the developing world, which system—presidentialism or parliamentarism— is more likely to ensure political stability? Why? And do we have a universal answer for all countries? Presidentialism and Parliamentarism are two of the most commonly practised political systems in modern politics, whether they be existing in pure forms or hybrid forms. Amongst the two, which system is more conducive to the maintenance of political stability, particularly in newly democratized states, has remained heatedly discussed. Presidentialism and Parliamentarism are differentiated by the election and removal methods of the political leader of the executive branch, the scope of authority of the executive leader, and the power†¦show more content†¦To ensure political stability and prevent riots, it is important to give representation to different parties, so that their cultural and political interests are articulated and catered to. Under parliamentarism, upon no simple majority vote on any party is casted, political parties are forced to form coalitions with other political parties, thus addressing the diverse interests of different groups in society. An example would be the first free election of Spain after democratization, where a total of 4 parties managed to win seats in the parliament, with none claiming a plurality vote (Linz, 1990). Proportional representation system, in complementary with parliamentarism, can â€Å"counteract potential threats to national unity and political stability in ethnically heterogeneous countries† (Rokkan, S., 1970, as cited in Lijphart, 1996). Bagehot (1981) observed that â€Å"the mutual dependence of cabinet and parliament for survival creates a strong incentive for legislators to form stable coalitions behind broad policy platforms†, hence more effectively aggregating and articulating the national diverse interests. Yet, the competitive nature of the presidential elections in presidentialism favours majoritarian and fosters two-party system, given that the presidency is nondivisive (Lijphart, 1996; Stepan amp; Skach, 1993), as wellShow MoreRelatedWhat are Presidentialism and Parliamentarism? 2332 Words   |  10 PagesWhat are presidentialism and parliamentarism? What are their virtues and vices? Which system is more suitable to new democracies, and why? Do we have a universal answer for all countries? Presidentialism and parliamentarism are two major forms of democratic government systems. Nearly all political systems in the world are modeled on them. (Mahler, 2000) The former is best respresented by the United States while the latter one is represented by the United Kingdom. The discussion in this essay isRead MoreThe Rule Of Law And Political Power1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe state is created to stave off anarchy and establish the rule of law. 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In other words, there are many types of democracies, although this essay will focus on three types of democratic systems: the presidential system, the semi-presidential system, and the parliamentary systemRead MoreThe United States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose pr1628 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose presidential systems of government. Discuss The United States is arguably the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world and has had a successful stable democracy under presidential government for over 200 years. So surely therefore new democracies in the modern day should adopt the presidential system of government usedRead MoreExplain the Difference Between Parliamentary and Presidential Forms of Government. What Is the Advantage of Each? Discuss1994 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment system. There are two main types of parliamentarian in practice currently in the world. These are the British parliamentary government and the continental parliamentary government. I will be focusing on the practices of the British parliamentarism (Verney) A key factor of a parliamentary system is that it must have a Government that must consist of people elected from the Parliament. These Ministers must adhere to the direction and a degree of control by the parliament when doing theirRead MoreCan Presidential Systems Work Effectively Within Deeply Divided Societies? Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesName: Amanda Raizis ID: 300306546 Tutor: Tim Webster Tutorial Time: Thursday 11.00-11.50pm Can presidential systems work effectively in deeply divided societies? [Make reference to at least two cases of your choosing.] Thesis Statement Presidentialism is a system of government in which the president is elected both chief executives and as head of government (Ogelsby Suà ¡rez, 1968) and is the main system of democratic government apart from parliamentary systems. Presidential systems tend toRead MoreThe Political Regime Of A Country995 Words   |  4 Pagesshaping the political regime of a country (Tsebelis, 1995; Helmke and Levitsky, 2004). However, there are several conditions should be examined in order to ensure the logical flow of the relationship. Institution is matter but it also depends on the other conditions (Przeworski, 2004). This paper review some articles in institutions, why there is a different opinion regarding the institutions and revisit Ramseyer and Rosenbluth’s book in order to gain more understanding about the political institutionRead MoreDemocracy Is A Key Component Of Today s Society2223 Words   |  9 Pagescountry. A government works fairly and with justice when there is rule by the people. Democracy is â€Å"a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections† (Webster Dictionary). The utmost powerful characteristic of democracy is that people hold the ultimate power. â€Å"Democracy is a government of the people, by the people, for the people† – Abraham Lincoln. A democraticRead MoreFgjf9195 Words   |  37 Pagescountry’s influence at the IMF is supposed to be pegged to the country’s economic dimension. But officials contention that voting is rare at the Fund. Well, the Fund operates by consensus. Many trust this â€Å"consensus† is controlled by the United States. New proof suggests that non-governmental actors, such as international financiers, also have an important voice in the shaping of IMF programs. To the degree that international actors use the IMF to further their own ends, the Fund may be settled on as

Charter Schools A Public School Or A Charter School

Every parent wants a good education for their child no matter if the school is a public school or a charter school. The passing of this ballot will allow the approval of twelve new charter schools or enrollment to increase by 1% statewide in already existing charter schools by the state Board of Elementary and Secondary Education each year. Hearing about charter schools expanding would gain the supporters of those who have a child on a waiting list. There are those who already have a child in a public school and worries that passing this law will cause their school to lose many privileges. As I did my research of charter schools, reading and listen to the thoughts of those that support or oppose the ballot question helped me in making my decisions of answering yes or no to this ballot. The biggest concern that everybody has is funding. How does charter schools gain their funding? I learned that most of the funding comes the public schools. Every parent wants a good education for their child whether they attend a public school or a charter school. Stated in Schuster’s 2015 article, â€Å"tuition payments are roughly equal to average per pupil spending in the sending district (the district where a student resides and would otherwise have attended the traditional public school).† For example, if 100 students from one district attend a charter school and its 12,000 dollars per student that district has to pay 1,200,000 dollars to the charter school. A debate at Umass Boston Walsh aShow MoreRelatedCharter School Vs. Public Schools974 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess Why choose to go to Charter School rather than public school? Charter schools are public school of choice, meaning families choose for their children. Federal legislation provides grants to help charters to manage start-up costs. They create better educational opportunities for the students therefore they have higher expectations in teaching. Charter Schools and zoned (public) schools are tuition free but unfortunately not everyone can get in to Charter school, since it works by lotteryRead MoreCharter Schools Vs Public Schools1199 Words   |  5 PagesCharter schools are defined as a publicly funded school, established as an autonomous institution with educational goals set by it board, and operating by contract or charter with local school board or state. (oed.com). Since these schools are privatized, many parents believe they are somehow better performing than neighborhood public schools. Charter schools rely on convincing data to justify the practice of privatizing schools, da ta that shows high performing students. However, they hide the factRead MoreCharter Schools Vs. Public Schools Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesCharter schools are all the buzz in the media lately; they are what seems to be the sensible response to the path traditional public schools are heading, down the drain. However, charter schools still face many obstacles and issues, stemming from the fact that they are far less regulated than their public school counterparts. This enacts issues including lack of quality control, increased segregation, and severe misuse of funds. Likewise, charter schools are only going to become increasingly moreRead MoreCharter Schools Vs. Public Schools2223 Words   |  9 PagesAt the foundation of the American public school system is the belief that every child deserves a quality education. To this end, the public school system in America has undergone many reforms. One of which has been charter schools. Charter schools are independent public schools o f choice working under the auspices of a charter and not governed by the board of education. The charter can be written by parents, teachers, school administrators, community leaders, educational businesses, etc. ItRead MoreCharter Schools Are Better Than Public Schools885 Words   |  4 PagesCHARTER SCHOOLS ARE BETTER THAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS? Education is a very important part of a person’s life. Every parent want the best thing for their children. They want their children to be happy and to be able to achieve their dreams and be what they want to be, which is why they want the best education for their children. Because, almost everyone would agree that being well – educated is the closest way to success life and good future. But, their desire to send their kids to the best school haveRead MoreCharter Schools Vs Traditional Public Schools948 Words   |  4 Pages Charter Schools vs Traditional Public Schools Charter schools are an alternative to traditional public schools, but are often viewed as the superior option in comparison to the traditional public school route. By definition, charter schools are a publicly funded and privately ran school under the charter of an educational authority. These types of schools are held to different types of standards than most traditional public schools with freedom to explore unique methods of educating childrenRead MoreCharter Schools vs. Public Schools Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesCharter Schools vs. Public Schools Are charter schools the right choice to the educational needs of our children? Charter schools are tuition free public schools created and operated by parents, organizations, and community groups to fill student’s educational needs. Charter schools consider educating their students as the priority, and identify how children’s learning needs are different from each other, so they came up with different ways on educating their students such as learning in small groupsRead MoreCharter School Conflict With The Public Schools On Different Issues1718 Words   |  7 Pages Charter School Conflict This paper will discuss charter school conflicts with the public schools on different issues. According to Ron Zimmer and Richard Buddin, â€Å"The last few years have been marked by dramatic growth in charter schools in California. In a recent radio forum, KQED Public Media, Titled Growth of Charter Schools in California Leads to Conflict with School Districts, discuses about the conflict between charter school and public school in the Oakland school district. ThisRead MoreCharter Schools Have Become A Rival For Public Schools905 Words   |  4 PagesCharter schools have become a rival for public schools. Charters schools are public schools by option; therefore parents must initiate the interest in the school thus enrolling their children into the program. On the other hand, public schools are open to any student and do not require a waitlist or lottery system to be enrolled. It is difficult to define the â€Å"best education† because parents seek different things when res earching school options for their child. The purpose of education is to developRead More America’s Failing Public Schools: Charter Schools Are Not the Solution1959 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica’s Failing Public Schools: Charter Schools Are Not the Solution    It was with wild fanfare that the state’s Republican legislature and Republican Governor enacted their reforms for the state’s public school system. Among the panaceas was charter schools, a ‘90s education fad that gives individual parents the right to send their children to state-approved public charter schools at public expense. Politicians reasoned that less-bureaucratic charter schools would teach students better than

What is Substance Abuse Counseling Free Essays

I am just starting to learn about the dynamics of substance abuse counseling. At this point, early on in my learning, I understand it to be a practice of advocacy to assist those persons with various levels of addiction in relation to drugs, alcohol and chemical dependency to a road of recovery. Substance abuse counseling identifies he source of the addiction through assessments and screening tools and offers solutions to the client. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Substance Abuse Counseling or any similar topic only for you Order Now A substance abuse counselor’s duty is to offer autonomy by giving advice and resources that will assist in getting clean, not to convince or to persuade them on which route to take in the road to recovery. Substance abuse counseling offers many levels of resources for recovery, in relations to addictions and illnesses that derive from or caused by the addiction, analyzing psycho and mental health, and referring them to appropriate professionals that can assist them tit the recovery process and helping them to understand how to get better. WHEN: Substance abuse counseling would be appropriate when a client indicates a need to recover from an addition or dependency. The counselor determines what course of action to take through a series of assessments and screening instruments. Counseling would be ideal as well for persons that are court-ordered to attend counseling. At this point, the courts have determined there Is an addiction or dependency issue that was derived from satellites that took place with the client prior to appointing this treatment. Counseling Is needed when a client asks for resources In relation to addiction recovery and other crawls that derive from addiction or dependency, such as family Issues, health Issues and challenges that affect the client’s quality of life that were directly or Indirectly stemmed from the challenges of their addiction or dependency. A counselor would counsel because they have a desire to assist a client to recover from their addiction. My interest in assisting those with challenges of addiction drives me to work hard to find solutions that will aid the client in recovery. Counseling is used as a tool of advocacy for clients that are in the recovery process. It has been a very effective avenue of treatment and is used because it helps to not only identify the source of the problem, but also how to recover from the problem, also to address the various areas that are connected to the root problem which is addiction. Counseling is beneficial, because of its wide scope that targets all areas of the clients problems. The referral service that counselors provide not only helps the problem, but also the other problems that derive from the core reason the client s there, which is the addiction or dependency. I’m sure there are things in this essay that may not be 100% correct when it comes down to the dynamics of counseling and â€Å"What it is†, â€Å"When we counsel† and â€Å"Why we counsel†. I believe I only have the minimal understanding of what substance abuse counseling is, but I am very determined to learn more and become fluent in its language, its debt of resources and how to effectively counsel someone. My goal is to be that bridge for someone that is addicted or dependent to a person that is completely recovered. I have high interest in this field because I have a desire to make a difference. I understand that I must continuously educate myself with knowledge in the field so that I can be the most effective resource for the client. I am learning that Counselors use a lot of tests, assessments and screening tools to determine the best course of action for the client. I think the most challenging portion of learning how to counsel is remembering what tool applies to what situation. I am sure as time progresses and I learn more about counseling and the dynamics of counseling, it will become more familiar. How to cite What is Substance Abuse Counseling, Papers

Morality. It has been questioned by people, honore Analysis Essay Example For Students

Morality. It has been questioned by people, honore Analysis Essay d by people and revered since the beginning of time. Yet even today not one person can say what is morally right. It is a matter of opinion. It was Dr.Victor Frankensteins opinion that it was alright to create a monster. Frankensteins creation needed a companion.Knowing that his first creation was evil should the doctor make a second? With the knowledge at hand, to Dr.Frankenstein, it is not at all morally correct to bring another monster into the world. Looking at this probelm with his family in mind, the doctor begins his work on the second monster. The first monster threatened Frankenstein and even his family. The monster angrily said to Frankenstein, I can make you so wretched. (pg. 162) Trying to scare Frankenstein for not creating his mate the monster resorted to threats. If the good doctor does create a companion for his first creation he may be endangering others. The miserable monster whom I had created, (pg.152) says Victor upon looking back at his work. If there is another monster there will be twice the power and possibly twice the evil, which could hurt or kill his family. When and if Frankenstein commits the moral sin of creating another monster he may be rid of both monsters forever. With the companion you bestow I will quit the neighbourhood of man,(pg 142) promises the morally corrupt monster to the doctor upon the completion of his partner. When the doctor, if and when he, finished his first creations mate there is a chance that the monsters will not keep their promise and stay in Europe envoking fear into townfolk. The good doctor, trying to act morally, destroys the monster for the good of the world. The monsters can potentially take over whatever they please. A race of devils would be propegated,(pg. 163) thinks Frankenstein to himself in his study. The monsters, if powerful enough, could possibly take over Europe. Frankenstein realizes that he can not possibly doom the world to benefit himself. Shall I, in coold blood, set loose upon the earth a daemon..(pg. 162) argues Frankenstein with his creation. It is not morally right for one person to unleash such a terror on the world to benefit only himself and his family.Frankenstein will not let any example change his mind on the point that the monster is and will always be morally corupt. Continuing on his point that the monster was too evil to duplicate, Frankenstein says, Your threats cannot move me to do an act of wickedness; but they confirm me in determination of not creating you a companion in vice.( pg. 163)Frankenstein will not sacrifice his morallity because of persuation from a monster. Although beholding the threat of death and misery Frankenstein held his ground and did not sacrifice his moral. When and if Frankenstein creates another monster he can not feel as if he has done the morally right thing. From creating the monster Frankenstein will some how be making people other than himself unhappy. I consent to your demand, on your solem oath to quite Europe forever, and every other place in the neighbourhood of man,(pg. 143) says Frankenstein as he sees the power that the two could possibly possess. The good doctor sees that with his own hands he could possibly scar the world forever. The doctor wants, if anyone, himself to be unhappy instead of all of man kind. Begone! I do break my promise, (pg. 162) states the doctor angrily. Not thinking about himself but the world unselfishly breaks his promise to the monster. Possessing such a great mind the doctor is able to realize that a greater evil will be realesed upon the earth then upon himself. Your threats cannot move me to do an act of wickedness,(pg. 162) says the doctor as he argues his point with his creation. The doctor sees that a greater and more horrible result can come from him making the second monster than not. .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .postImageUrl , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:hover , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:visited , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:active { border:0!important; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:active , .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85 .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c0dd425a40d3f4b80e59a69e1de4c85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay SummaryWith the knowledge at hand, to Dr.Frankenstein, it is not at all morally correct to bring another monster into the world. On the one hand if the second monster was created Frankensteins family would be saved. By the same token the rest of the world could be forced to bow before two hideous monsters. The problem, making or not making the second monster, played heavily on Frankensteins mind, possibly caused his brief lapse into the realm of the insane.Even though Frankenstein began his work for the good of man his experiment ended up hurting himself and his family.